Research
Original research across edge AI, formal verification, computational neuroscience, and mathematical physics. We publish negative results alongside positive ones and label each work with its maturity level so you know exactly what the evidence supports.
Pareto-Optimal Knowledge Distillation for Sub-2MB Sentiment Classification: Establishing the 83% Hard Wall
Constant Systems
Abstract
A systematic study of knowledge distillation from a BERT-base teacher (92.32%, 420MB) to sub-2MB student models for binary sentiment classification on SST-2. Through eight controlled experiments with 5-seed evaluations, we observe that 82–83% accuracy appears to represent a Pareto frontier for models under 2MB on this task.
Findings
- Best student achieves 83.03% accuracy in 1.46MB (288× compression from teacher)
- Three negative results: spectral compression, progressive distillation, and transformer students all underperform the linear CNN baseline
- CNN inductive bias outperforms transformers at sub-2MB scale across all 5 seeds
- All experiments use 5-seed evaluation with standard deviations reported
Berry Phase as a Pre-Ictal Biomarker in Scalp EEG: Evidence from 177 Seizures Across 24 Subjects
Constant Systems
Abstract
An investigation of whether the Berry phase—a geometric phase quantity computed from the instantaneous phase evolution of multichannel EEG—can serve as a pre-ictal biomarker in epilepsy. Analyzed 177 seizures from 24 subjects in the CHB-MIT Scalp EEG Database. Results are from a single retrospective dataset and require prospective validation before any clinical application.
Findings
- Pre-ictal Berry phase 87% higher than baseline (Cohen’s d = 1.599, p = 1.16 × 10⁻³⁹)
- Ictal Berry phase not significantly different from baseline (d = −0.092, p = 0.389)
- Consistent temporal profile across 24 subjects: baseline → pre-ictal surge → ictal drop → post-ictal elevation
- GPU-accelerated pipeline processes 177 seizures in 24.5 minutes
Multi-Prover Formal Verification of Radical Function Properties
Constant Systems
Abstract
A multi-prover formal verification of thirteen properties of the radical function rad(n) = ∏_{p|n} p, central to the abc conjecture. All thirteen properties are derived from primitive definitions in Coq/MathComp (13/13 Qed, zero Admitted) and twelve are fully derived in Isabelle/HOL (12/13 qed, one theorem deferred). No custom axioms are introduced.
Findings
- 13/13 properties machine-checked in Coq/MathComp (zero Admitted)
- 12/13 proven in Isabelle/HOL — cross-verified across distinct logical foundations
- No custom axioms — all proofs from standard library primitives only
- 10,000 computational test cases per property for additional confidence
The Constant Framework: A Verified φ-Spectral Architecture for Number Theory, Physics, and Cryptographic Hardness
Constant Systems
Abstract
A formally verified, φ-spectral infrastructure for number theory, operator theory, and cryptographic hardness. Built from first principles and verified using Lean 4, Coq, and Isabelle/HOL. The framework includes 504+ verified theorems, high-volume empirical testing (10⁶+ ranges), and a post-quantum PRNG (KerrShield) passing the NIST SP 800-22 suite. All code, proofs, and data are included in the public release.
Findings
- 504+ theorems verified across three proof assistants (Lean 4, Coq, Isabelle/HOL)
- Entropy barrier E = 6φ⁴ ≈ 41.1246 identified as spectral transition point
- Spiral Hermitian Operator spectrum approximates Riemann zeros with 0.035% error across first 40 zeros
- KerrShield PRNG passes full NIST SP 800-22 statistical test suite
When Classical Beats Quantum: An Honest Assessment of Variational Quantum ML on Molecular Property Prediction
Q. Johnson — C1IP LLC
Abstract
A negative result comparing a variational quantum circuit (VQC) against a classical Random Forest baseline on the QM7 atomization energy prediction task. Rather than obscure these results, we present them as a contribution: an honest dissection of why quantum underperforms in this regime and what would be needed to close the gap.
Findings
- Classical Random Forest achieves 3× lower error than VQC and trains 80× faster
- Bottleneck traced to PCA compression (529→4 features, retaining only 46.4% of variance)
- Single variational layer with 4 trainable parameters is fundamentally underpowered
- Identifies specific conditions needed before quantum advantage should be expected
AURE: Pareto-Optimal Distillation from 14B Parameters to Sub-1.5MB for Sovereign Edge AI
Constant Systems
Abstract
We present AURE, a family of sovereign language models engineered for edge deployment across financial, legal, and regulatory domains. Production inference runs entirely on local hardware with a vector-augmented retrieval pipeline, demonstrating that practical generative edge AI does not require datacenter-scale resources. Prepared for Edge AI San Diego 2026.
Findings
- Distillation pipeline spanning four orders of magnitude (14B → 1.5MB)
- FinSense achieves 96.1% accuracy for financial sentiment at edge scale
- 82–83% accuracy observed as Pareto frontier for sub-2MB NLP models
- Production inference on prosumer hardware with zero cloud dependency
Sφ as a Quantum Coherence Biomarker for Parkinson’s Disease: A Formally Verified Framework
Constant Systems
Abstract
A formally verified framework for measuring system coherence via the Sφ metric—a normalized φ-permutation symmetry deviation. Applied to 26 human neural recordings (DBS-LFP), we observe statistically significant discrimination between healthy controls and Parkinson’s disease patients. The framework is backed by 6 theorems proven in Lean 4. Sample sizes are small and results require independent validation.
Findings
- Healthy subjects: phase accumulation 22.16° ± 3.4°, Sφ = 0.53 ± 0.04
- Parkinson’s patients: phase accumulation 41.81° ± 5.2°, Sφ = 0.65 ± 0.05
- Difference achieves p < 0.001 with effect size d = 0.92
- 6 theorems proven in Lean 4; cross-validated against 208 independent measurements
CDE: A Cross-Frequency Coupling Framework for Neural State Biomarker Discovery
Constant Systems
Abstract
A deep learning framework combining 1D convolutional networks with φ-weighted attention mechanisms to extract phase accumulation from neural PSD. Evaluated on three publicly available datasets: Parkinson’s DBS-LFP (n=6), CHB-MIT epilepsy EEG (n=10), and BCI motor imagery (n=9 healthy controls). Sample sizes are small; classification results should not be generalized without larger validation studies.
Findings
- Parkinson’s tremor differentiation: d = 2.14 (F(5,34) = 187.2, p < 0.001)
- Epileptic seizure variance collapse observed (baseline SD = 97.1° vs ictal SD = 3.1°)
- Healthy motor imagery shows no significant differences — serving as negative control
- Real-time capable at <50ms inference latency
NeuralFold + Breast Cancer: Cross-Frequency Coupling Biomarker Across Neurological and Oncological Disease
Constant Systems
Abstract
A translational synthesis exploring whether the same cross-frequency coupling coherence framework applies across radically different diseases—cancer (methylation patterns) and neurology (neural oscillations). Uses TCGA-BRCA dataset (200 patients, 50,714 CpG sites) with quantum circuit on IonQ hardware. This is an early-stage cross-domain synthesis, not a validated clinical result.
Findings
- Quantum circuit achieves 99.2% confidence on one high-risk patient (200-fold discrimination)
- Average confidence across patients is 51.8% — above random but modest
- Same mathematical framework applied to both cancer methylation and neural oscillation data
- 6-qubit, 40-gate circuit designed for IonQ Forte native architecture
Multi-Dataset Validation: Entropy Barrier Across Hurricanes, Earthquakes, and Primes
Constant Systems
Abstract
Exploratory observations of numerical agreement between the φ-spectral entropy barrier (E ≈ 6φ⁴) and transition points in three independent datasets. These results are exploratory and require independent verification, null model comparison, and rigorous statistical analysis before any claims of universality can be made.
Findings
- Hurricanes (1,930 storms, 172 years): 3.79% error relative to predicted barrier
- Earthquakes (17,024 events, 70 years): 3.82% error
- Primes (10M gaps): 3.82% error
- All three datasets within 0.03% of each other — intriguing but unconfirmed
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